Wild boar is one of the most successful mammal species in Europe and in the worldwide. Their populations are expanding in number and range, colonising any type of habitats and regions, from the highest mountains to lowlands and urban areas. The challenge of controlling wild boar population growth and mitigating the economic and environmental impacts of this species will be the main topic of this Symposium. Traditional conflicts, added to new risks such as the expansion of African Swine Fever, require new approaches to manage wild boar population and impacts. Evidence-based management combined with scientific and applied knowledge is now needed more than ever to mitigate human-wild boar conflicts.